A piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore as forces generated during combustion are applied. The piston acts as the combustion chamber's moveable end.
The piston head, piston pin bore, piston pin, skirt, ring grooves, ring lands, and crown design are all piston features.
What is a Piston Ring?
In an internal combustion engine or steam engine, a piston ring is a metallic split ring installed in grooves on the outside diameter of the piston, between the cylinder and the piston, and is one of the most essential components that allow the engine to run smoothly.
A piston ring is a split ring that expands to close the gap between the piston and cylinder wall. They are the single most significant component in any liner-piston-ring assembly in an internal combustion engine, affecting oil consumption, power generation, and a host of other factors.
The piston ring set is a vital component of the engine, and its quantity and function vary depending on the engine type and size.
Functions of Piston Rings
Internal combustion engines rely heavily on piston rings. Along with the pistons, they slide up and down along the liner wall. The piston rings are used to provide a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall.
Furthermore, the rings in the cylinder should be able to tolerate extreme temperatures and pressures. They must also be capable of withstanding the pressure differential between the combustion chamber and the crankcase.
1. Compression Gas Sealing
The piston rings maintain gas compression between the piston and the cylinder wall by sealing the cylinder, preventing combustion gas from leaking into the space below the piston before and during ignition. If combustion gas leaks, the engine won't produce enough power, resulting in higher fuel consumption; which is detrimental to both the economy and the ecology. Thus, piston rings seal the combustion chamber to prevent gases from escaping into the crankcase.
2. Lubricating Oil Film Control
To minimise scuffing, piston rings usually create a thin lubricating oil film on the liner wall. The piston reciprocates up and down several thousand times per minute. Therefore, a film of lubricating oil is required between the piston rings and the liner to ensure that they operate smoothly and with minimal metal-on-metal friction. The amount of this oil is adjusted via the oil control and scraper piston rings.
3. Heat Transfer
Heat is transferred from the piston crown to the cylinder via the piston rings. When gas ignition occurs, piston temperature rises to almost 300 degrees Celsius. This may destroy the engine if heat is not conducted away from the piston into the coolant. As a result, it is vital to discharge the heat that has built up. Piston rings help in the dissipation of this heat and improve heat transfer from the piston to the cylindrical wall.
4. Support the Piston Movement in the Cylinder
The piston is kept from knocking against the cylinder wall by piston rings. If the piston inclines inside the cylinder, it may cause seizure as the friction can scuff the piston skirt, resulting in engine failure. Piston rings provide support for pistons, allowing them to move up and down smoothly.
Garima Global works with the leading piston ring manufacturers in India, and we've developed a wide selection range of piston rings. We specialize in creating rings as per our customers' needs. Our piston rings are made in India by renowned OEM and OES factories that adhere to the most excellent quality standards.
Before dispatching piston rings to our discerning customers throughout the world, Garima Global tests them in-house on the following critical characteristics, among others:
- Material composition
- Critical Dimensions (Free Ring Gap, Installed Ring Gap, Axial Width, Radial Width, Cross-Sectional Parameters like Keystone Angle, Taper Angle etc.)
- Physical Characteristics of Ring Material
- Tangential Load Test
- To Ensure Sealing, we Perform a Light Test.
Garima Global provides premium AutoGRACE® brand piston rings to clients all over the world.
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